Video editing rates in south africa jobs

I am looking for a skilled photo and video editor to create a personal and artistic video photo collage. While I don't have any specific elements in mind to be incorporated, I trust your creative instincts to produce an engaging output. Strong command over video and photo editing software and a distinctive artistic style are ideal for this project.

I am looking for a meticulous, data-driven individual who can gather and analyze information from Inst...videos. The nuanced details I require include: - User engagement metrics including likes, comments, shares, and views. - Caption text from the video post. The primary purpose of this task is to aid in planning a comprehensive content strategy. Your analytical skills and keen understanding of social media platforms and their nuances will be vital in this project. Experience in digital marketing, specifically in content strategy planning, are assets for this job. Your ability to provide timely, accurate data will directly impact the future content created and shared. Dedicate attention to detail, thoroughness, and the ability to interpret the data i...

I'm in need of a proficient video editor for a personal project that doesn't require fancy bells and whistles, just a keen eye for basic editing. The length of the video isn't set in stone, so flexibility in this aspect would be appreciated. The task would ideally benefit from someone skilled in: - Simple video editing techniques - Timing and sequencing - Sound adjusting If you've got a knack for turning raw footage into polished visuals without all the frills, I'd love to see your proposal. Past experience with personal video projects would be a plus. Please share any relevant portfolio work when you bid.

I'm looking for an expert in video editing for user-generated content (UGC) for Facebook ads. We are seeking a skilled and creative Facebook UGC (User-Generated Content) Ad Editor to join our team. As an Ad Editor, you will be responsible for creating engaging and high-converting video ads for our Facebook campaigns. This is a fantastic opportunity for anyone passionate about video editing and looking to develop their skills further with access to an advanced video editing course worth $2,000. Responsibilities: Edit 1-3 ads per week, each 60-90 seconds long with 3 scroll stoppers, using provided footage, script, and voiceover. Ensure all ads meet our high-quality standards and align with our brand's tone and style. Utili...

I'm looking for an experienced audio editor to refine a 45-minute podcast recording. Your task will include: 1. Noise Reduction: Effective removal of any background noise that might distract from the main content. 2. Volume Adjustment: Ensuring the volume levels are well balanced through...that might distract from the main content. 2. Volume Adjustment: Ensuring the volume levels are well balanced throughout the podcast to provide a smooth listening experience. 3. Sound Addition: Insertion of upbeat, energetic music or sound effects where necessary to liven up the audio and engage listeners more effectively. 4. Insertion of ad clips Ideally, you should have some experience in audio editing specifically for podcasts. Familiarity with upbeat music and sound effects will ...

...candidate will be from North America (Canada, USA, or Mexico), but may also be from Australia, South Africa, New Zealand, or the U.K. If you sound similar to Gwen Stafani (D3-B6 Mezzo soprano) this may be your chance at fame! A Reggae Fusion artist signed to our client's Record Label is looking for a female Singer (Vocalist) to add vocals to a very No-Doubt-esk sounding horn-driven Reggae Pop song, which will be distributed through Sony Music with a substantial marketing budget. Requirements: You MUST have the ability to record on your own. Either with a home (bedroom) studio or the ability to rent out a studio. You will be providing us with unedited 48KHz 32-bit WAV stems in raw format (at least 4 files in total). You will be required to layer/over-d...

...need a professional video ad that can promote both my construction and tourism services. The ad will be in Arabic, so I need the audio in Arabic as well. While I have some general ideas in mind, I'm very much open to your creative suggestions. Key deliverables and requirements: - The video ad must be in a format suitable for a video advertisement. - It should be bilingual, with a focus on promoting both our construction and tourism services. - The audio must be in Arabic, so proficiency in the language is essential. - I'm open to creative ideas but would appreciate if you can seamlessly integrate the two services into a captivating advertisement. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven experience in creati...

I'm searching for a diligent content editor to perfect my non-fiction book consisting of between 10 and 20 chapters. Key Responsibilities include: - Reviewing and improving the content for clarity, grammar, style, and formatting. - Providing suggestions to enhance the content structure and flow. Ideal candidate's skills/experiences: - Proven track record in non-fiction content editing. - Excellent proficiency in English language. - Keen eye for detail and a deep understanding of the non-fiction genre. - Understanding the structure and flow of content to maintain clarity.

I need a skilled designer to replace the current background on these chairs with a new, realistic outdoor scene. The Project: - The current background of the chairs is an image, and I would like this to be replaced with a rea...background of the chairs is an image, and I would like this to be replaced with a realistic outdoor scene. - The outdoor scene should be high quality, detailed and look natural when placed behind the chairs. Skills Required: - Proficiency in photo editing and manipulation. - Ability to create realistic outdoor scenes. - Attention to detail to ensure the scene matches the chair's size and perspective. The ideal freelancer for this project would have experience in similar photo editing tasks, and a strong portfolio that demonstra...

I'm looking to modify my existing logo, specifically the company name within it. Here's what you'll be working on: - **Text Modification**: The task includes updating the current company name in the logo with a new one. - **Visual Style**: The visual style of the logo should remain the same, with no changes to the existing elements of the logo. Ideal Candidate: - Prior experience in logo editing - Strong attention to detail - Ability to follow specific instructions - Proficiency in graphic design software Please share your portfolio when bidding.

I'm seeking a skilled graphic designer to convert a JPG file to a layered PSD file. The primary aim is to facilitate editing of all elements in the image - including but not limited to text, images, drawings, background, etc. Ideal Skills: -Strong Adobe Photoshop Skills -Experience in converting image files to PSD -Knowledge in image quality enhancement and design flexibility As for software requirements, there is no specific edition of Adobe Photoshop required, as long as the output layered PSD file can be edited flexibly. Kindly ensure the converted file maintains high quality and its elements can be easily tweaked as need arises.

I have full code flutter app I want using firebase database 1 -Experience https://console.agora. video and call streaming Also 2- Update app to stores Apple store Android store

I'm in need of a skilled video editor to help me create professional and engaging content for my social media platforms. Key Responsibilities: - Edit raw footage into high-quality, impactful videos with a cinematic style - Ensure a consistent aesthetic across all videos - Optimize videos for social media platforms to attract and retain viewers - Understand and capture the intended message and audience engagement Ideal Freelancer: - Proficient in video editing software - Experience in creating cinematic-style content - Knowledge of social media trends and best practices - Creative mindset and attention to detail - Strong communication skills and able to take direction If you are passionate about video editing and social media ...

I'm on the lookout for an efficient video editor who can carry out basic editing tasks for a series of personal event videos that need compacting and enhancing. Your role will involve: - Cutting and splicing together footage from personal events - Resizing, repositioning, and other basic edits as per requirement - Ensuring the final videos are in MP4 format Proficiency in video editing software is crucial. Prior experience with personal events footage will be highly regarded. A fair understanding of pace and timing, as well as an eye for picking out important moments are also necessary. This is the opportunity for those looking to express their creativity, while enhancing and preserving the essence of personal memories. Let's make some ...

Hi Burhan, I need a 3D video demonstrating a new product being fitted to a van. It's a Peugeot Boxer. The cup holder fits onto two screws which are visible when you open the glovebox. The screws need to be undone a couple of threads, then the cup holder slides on. Is this something you can show? It only needs to be a short video showing the cup holder sliding into place from a couple angles, i.e. from the side, underneath etc.

I've got a short advertorial video, under 4 minutes, that needs to be translated from English to German. I'm not just looking for simple subtitles, I need the translation to be dubbed with voice cloning and perfectly synced with the lips of the speaker. You can put the German subs on top of the English ones. You have to be able to control the input and output of the translation. If you use AIs like Heygen where you only have automatic translation option this will not work. The translation always has mistakes. I will not accept robotic sounding voices, it has to sound natural. I attached the translated German transcript with timestamps. 3 small edits: 00:39 replace the image that is seen with attached image 1 01:18 and again at 01:48 replace left side of the image w...

As discussed, please see final updates for FH infographic video

I'm currently in need of a skilled video editor specializing in short-form content production, specifically reels that are less than a minute in length. Key Responsibility: - Editing multiple reel videos smoothly without compromising the storyline flow Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven experience in video editing (experience with reels editing would be highly appreciated) - Ability to keep content engaging in under a minute - Strong understanding of storytelling in short video formats - Proficient with professional-grade editing software Unfortunately, I'm not entirely sure yet about the exact effects needed. This would be something we'd discuss as we move along with the proje...

I need a skilled photographer with a keen eye for detail, specializing in product photography. This is strictly for professional use hence a high level of proficiency is expected. The shoot will happen in a business/workplace setting, so familiarity with such an environment and how to best use it to highlight products is vital. Ideal Skills: - Expert in product photography - Experience shooting in a business/workplace setting - Ability to creatively utilize both natural and artificial lighting - Strong editing abilities to present the final product in the most appealing manner. If you believe your skills align with my project's requirements, please bid. I look forward to working with a seasoned professional who can effectively communicate ...

I need help setting up reports on Google Analytics and optimizing my Google Ads campaign. Key Responsibilities: - Setting up specific reports on Google Analytics - Optimizing my Google Ads campaign Ideal Skills & Experience: - Proficient in Google Analytics and Google Ads - Experience in setting up website traffic, conversion rates, and e-commerce sales reports on Google Analytics - Previous success in optimizing Google Ads campaigns to achieve specific advertising goals - Excellent communication and problem-solving skills Please note that this job may involve giving guidance on the types of reports that should be set up on Google Analytics. If interested send me message or write Gibbs. So i know you have read this.

I'm seeking a skilled email marketer to create and execute a campaign aim...exclusive offers and discounts. Key Tasks: - Develop a comprehensive email marketing strategy for our product promotions. - Create engaging and compelling email content that highlights exclusive offers and discounts for our existing customers. - Schedule and send out the emails at appropriate times to maximize open and click rates. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven experience in email marketing, particularly in the realm of promoting products. - Proficiency in developing effective email marketing strategies. - Ability to craft engaging and compelling email content that will resonate with our existing customers. - Familiarity with email marketing tools and platforms for schedu...

hello i need a freelancer to change design of wordpress website to make it same freelancer should change the design live website not only mockup website details: built on WP Dev is ok no change we share screenshots of what should be done total 6 pages: 1- home page 2- map&table page(index page) 3-...Dev is ok no change we share screenshots of what should be done total 6 pages: 1- home page 2- map&table page(index page) 3-contact us 4-about us 5-terms and conditions 6-privacy and policy freelancer should not touch my other domains on my hosting and dont change anything without asking me freelancer should follow my admin panel: what original developer give me you should give same he gave me editing control on all pages (text editor) 10 days maximum good luck

I'm looking for a 1-3 minutes 3D animation video that will entertain teenagers. Key Points: - Length: The video should be 1-3 minutes long, which I believe is the sweet spot for engaging my target audience. - Goal: The primary goal of this animation video is to entertain. It should be engaging, fun, and cater to the interests of teenagers. Ideal Skills and Experience: - 3D Animation: The project requires strong skills in 3D animation, as the video will need to be visually appealing. - Understanding of Teenagers: A good understanding of the interests, humor, and preferences of teenagers is crucial to the success of this project. - Portfolio: Experience in creating entertaining 3D animations, especially those that have successfully engaged t...

I'm seeking a Virtual Assistant to support me with various tasks. The ideal candidate should have a basic understanding of Eng...composing and replying to emails will be crucial. - Social Media Management: Handling my social media accounts, creating and scheduling posts, and engaging with followers will be part of your role. While a basic understanding of English is required, the candidate should be proficient in graphic design skills such as: - Creating visual and appealing social media posts. - Designing eye-catching email newsletters. - Editing photos to a professional standard. The ideal candidate should have relevant experience in these tasks and be able to work independently. This is an ongoing project, so I'm looking for a dedicated and reliable VA t...

I need a professional Photoshop freelancer, fluent in Telugu, to create engaging graphics for both social media and print materials. Essential Skills: - Graphic Design - Photo Editing - Retouching - Skilled and creative in graphic design creation Ideal freelancer should be able to create designs tailored for multiple platforms: - Facebook - Instagram - Twitter - Print materials such as banners and pamphlets In creating such designs, it’s important that they appeal to a wide range of audiences: - Adults - Teenagers - Seniors The freelancer’s fluency in Telugu is highly desirable in adding a touch of local flair to the designs.

I am looking forward to transforming my website with impactful SEO optimization. My foremost goals are t...looking forward to transforming my website with impactful SEO optimization. My foremost goals are three-fold: - Increase organic traffic - Improve search engine rankings - Boost conversion rates I want these benefits primarily for local customers who I am keen to draw to my site. The absolute priority for this optimization operation is Google. The ideal freelancer for this job will have proven expertise in SEO, particularly local SEO, alongside strong familiarity with Google's algorithms. Demonstrating a track record of improving organic traffic, enhancing search engine rankings and raising conversion rates is a must. Familiarity with my market sector woul...

I'm looking for a skilled video and photo editor to work on some personal content. Specifically, I have a collection of travel videos and photos that I'd like to turn into a captivating music video. Key Tasks: - Edit travel videos and photos into a cohesive music video - Create a visually appealing and engaging final product Ideal Skills: - Proficiency in video and photo editing software - Experience in music video editing - A creative eye for storytelling through visuals - Ability to work with music and video synchronization Experience in personal content editing, particularly travel and/or music video editing, would be highly desirable. If you have a portfolio that showcases th...

I'm seeking a skilled videographer to help capture the essence and beauty of our ...be responsible for shooting high-quality, engaging footage that showcases the design, texture, and details of our cosmetics. - Editing: You'll need to edit the footage into a polished and professional video that will be used for marketing purposes. - Experience: Strong portfolio work in product and beauty videography is essential. Understanding of cosmetics industry is a plus. - Equipment: You should have access to professional-grade equipment to ensure the final video is of the highest quality. - Creativity: Ability to bring fresh, innovative ideas to the shoot and edit process. The deadline is flexible, but I'm looking for someone who can deliver the final v...

I need a expert ServiceNow HAM Pro architect/expert to assist in one of backend interview process. The expert needs to just share his screen and support me for the interview questions Key Responsibilities: - ITAM HAM PRO (majorly needed) - experience of 8 -10 years guys should only connect - Overseeing software asset management Integration Expertise: The ideal candidate should possess advanced skills and support me for the interviewSpecifically, they must have experience: - Integrating with ITAM/HAM/HAM PRO/ CMDB - Powershell/jelly script knowledge - Integrating with ITSM tools - Integrating with monitoring tools Objectives: Part of your role will involve implementing strategies to achieve the following goals: - Improve asset tracking and visibility - Optimize asset utilizati...

I'm in need of an experienced developer to help me create a high-quality image editor for Windows, aimed primarily at graphic designers. The tool should provide advanced photo editing functionalities like working with layers, applying filters and effects. Key Requirements: - Compatibility: The image editor should be specifically designed for Windows and must be optimized for smooth performance on this platform. - Features: The primary focus of this tool is on advanced photo editing, so the developer must be able to implement features like using layers, filters, and effects. - User Targeting: The primary users of this editor are graphic designers. So, the interface should be user-friendly for them and the tool should meet their professional needs. Ideal Skills: -...

I have 10 pictures that I need to be photoshopped to show an "after look". I need this project completed ASAP. The following are the requir...pictures that I need to be photoshopped to show an "after look". I need this project completed ASAP. The following are the requirements and skills needed for the job: - Strong proficiency in Photoshop - Experience with photo editing and enhancements - Ability to visualize and create an "after look" for the pictures - Meet tight deadlines - Excellent communication and attention to detail The pictures that follow show how the "after" effect is that I want to be photoshopped on 11 pictures. Meaning that the GLUE like effect comes on top of a rusty surface. AND THAT IS what needs to be done. Ne...

...are looking to do a new video, the purpose of this video is to create an entry for an awards contest for our founder to win a "lifetime achievement award". So we want this video to really promote the contributions he's made to our industry via the quotes and testimonials we've captured from various people. Claudia has prepared an outline of the video with individual sections calling out specific video clips, or text overlays, or audio overlays, etc. We're going to provide you with the full length video clips with time stamp data identified to specific clips we'd like to use. We'll also provide text overlays such as their name or words we'd like to use on the screen. We're happy to hear any crea...

...specializing in showcasing 60 seconds video of business. Our goal is to create a simple yet engaging promotional video that concisely illustrates business activities and processes. Video Concept: The video should be less than a minute in duration and showcase the following key elements: A sales representative having a meeting with decision-makers to pitch wydqatar. leading to order placement and payment receipt. Our shooting team capturing video footage of business activities and services in action. Backend team editing the video and preparing it for distribution across various social media platforms. The video being posted on platforms such as Instagram, Facebook, LinkedIn, YouTube, TikTok, Snapchat, etc. De...

I need a skilled voiceover artist to record an explainer video for my business. The voiceover should be in a professional and informative tone, and must have a New Zealand accent. Requirements: - New Zealand accent - Voiceover experience - Ability to convey a professional and informative tone Please provide a sample of your voiceover work, ideally including a similar type of project. I want the work redone in a New Zealand Accent.

I have full code flutter app I want using firebase database 1 -Experience https://console.agora. video and call streaming Also 2- Update app to stores Apple store Android store

I need a skilled and experienced graphic designer with expertise in logo design and brand identity including Arabic text integration, to collaborate on our Logo Evaluation and Enhancement Project. The primary objective of this project is to assess and potentially modify our company logo to enhance its versatility, readability, and visual impact across various marketing channels and platforms. Responsibilities: 1. Evaluate the current company logo including Arabic text elements and identify areas for potential enhancement. 2. Propose modifications to typography, proportions, and design elements to improve logo effectiveness while maintaining the integrity of Arabic text. 3. Collaborate with the project team to ensure modifications align with brand identity and guidelines in...

...for a skilled freelancer to assist in launching and managing a technology-focused podcast. Key Requirements: - Full Production Support: System Representative voice, editing, post-production, and publishing, I need someone who can handle the entire process. - Episode Planning: I would appreciate someone who can assist in the planning and structuring of episodes to ensure a smooth flow and engaging content. Ideal Candidate: The ideal candidate should have a strong understanding of the technology landscape to ensure the content is relevant and engaging. Additionally, prior experience in podcast production and a portfolio of previous work would be highly desirable. Please note that the frequency of the episodes is yet to be finalized, so flexibility in...

I'm looking for an experienced video editor to help me with my project. I have a 3-minute video and I need a premium, real office background footage. The footage needs to be branded with the company logo, which should appear as a watermark throughout the video. Key Requirements: - Indoor footage: The video is set in an office, so the footage needs to be indoor. - 1080p resolution: The footage needs to be in high definition. Please ensure it is 1080p (Full HD). - Company logo as a watermark: The logo should be professionally and seamlessly integrated as a watermark, visible throughout the entirety of the video. Ideal Skills: - Video Editing: You should have experience in editing and creating high-quality, pr...

...seasoned video editor to assist me in turning a mix of my photos and videos into captivating and emotional reels. The primary objective of this project is to safeguard memories, and I seek a professional with the sensitivity to comprehend the sentimental value attached to these visuals. The final video will be delivered through a downloadable link. It's preferable that the editing style is cinematic, to ensure a certain level of emotional depth and storytelling. Key requirements include: - Incorporating specific songs into the reels - Adding text overlays for context or emotional impact - Integrating background music to set the tone and mood - Voiceover narration for a personal touch and additional storytelling Ideal skills and experience: - Proven ex...

I need an experienced copywriter to create engaging and compelling blog posts for my website. Key Requirements: - You should have a solid understanding of marketing and branding principles. - Excellent writing, editing, and proofreading skills. - Ability to write in an engaging and informative manner. - Experience in crafting blog posts that drive traffic and engagement is a big plus. Please submit your portfolio along with your proposal.

I have full code flutter app I want using firebase database 1 -Experience https://console.agora. video and call streaming Also 2- Update app to stores Apple store Android store

I'm seeking a skilled photo editor to work on my collection of ecommerce product images. The tasks include: - Background removal - Color correction - Product retouching The original product images are in a mixture of JPEG, PNG and RAW formats. I have between 50-100 images that need editing. Ideal candidates for this project should possess strong skills in photo retouching and have extensive experience handling various image formats. The ability to work efficiently under a limited timeframe will also be advantageous.

About Us: We specialize in Network-as-a-Service (NaaS) solutions, offering cutting-edge Link Aggregation packet-based balancing. Our CR-SDWAN simplifies WAN setups, providing reliable and secure connectivity with ease of deployment, flexibility, performance, and security. Key Details: *Target clients: Telecom Operators, ICT companies, Internet Service Providers, MSPs, and Large Corporations, Direct Client SME, worldwide. *White Label solution available. *Rapid deployment: Platform set up in just 30 minutes. *Commission rates: 20% to 35% (commission schedule provided), plus fixed commission for all products sold and contracts signed. Opportunity: We are seeking: *Freelancers to handle end-to-end sales process. *Commission-based compensation only. *Fixed commissi...

...scriptwriter who can help me craft a very scary and entertaining script. The video should be over 10 minutes long. About 75% of the video would be the raw videos and the rest is script explaining the context of the vlogs Key Requirements: - The script needs to be scary, aiming to entertain the audience with spine-chilling content. - The scriptwriter should have experience in creating engaging, long-form content for YouTube. - The script should keep viewers on the edge of their seats throughout the video, with a gradual build-up of suspense and fear. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven experience in scriptwriting for YouTube, particularly in the horror or suspense genre. - Understanding of pacing and structure in long-form content. - A...

I'm looking for a seasoned digital marketing professional to handle a complete ...Ads. - Handling social media advertising across Facebook, TikTok, and Snapchat. - Experience with other platforms such as X Ads and running Install App Campaigns with Tracking Codes. - The primary focus is on Conversion Optimization, so the ideal candidate should be skilled in maximizing app installation. The ideal candidate should have: - Expert-level experience in digital marketing (5+ years). - A proven track record of optimizing conversion rates across different platforms. - Strong analytical skills and experience in data-driven decision making. - Excellent communication skills and the ability to work autonomously. If you have the skills and experience to take on this c...

I'm looking for a skilled video editor to work on a series of educational 'talking head' videos. The purpose of these videos is to educate viewers on a specific topic, and I need the editor to bring these videos to life with advanced editing techniques, animations, and special effects. Key Responsibilities: - Implementing advanced editing techniques to enhance the overall quality of the video - Adding animations and special effects to engage the viewers and make the content more visually appealing - Ensuring a smooth flow between the footage and the animations - Adhering to the script that will be provided Ideal Skillset: - Proficiency in video editing software [Premier Pro] - Experience in creating educational or sim...

...Ability to post and manage advertisements with different subscription plans Advanced search and filtering options by location, services, rates, etc. Country-specific listings and regional filters Secure messaging system between users (escorts, agencies, and clients) Payment gateway integration for premium services and advertisements Admin panel for content management, user management, and analytics Skills Required: Proficiency in web development languages (e.g., HTML, CSS, JavaScript) Experience with backend development (e.g., PHP, Python, Node.js) Knowledge of database management (e.g., MySQL, MongoDB) Ideally site would be on Wordpress and use Laravel in front with Sage or similar theme. Familiarity with web security best practices and compliance standards Abili...

I am in need of a content creator for my YouTube channel. The main objective of this project is to create professional and informative videos promoting a specific treatment option for varicocele. Key Points to Consider: - The videos should be designed to educate and promote a specific treatment option for varicocele. - The target audience is men with varicocele, so the content should be tailored to their needs and understanding. - The tone of the videos should be professional, yet engaging and informative. Skills and Experience: - Previous experience in creating medical or healthcare content for YouTube is a big plus. - Excellent communication skills and a knack for simplifying complex medical information for a general audience. - Knowledge of varicocele and the treatments...

...Ideal Skills and Experience: - Cooking Experience and video editing Cooking video requirements: - A complex Arabic (Syrian, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine) dish video - Put in the beginning the dish name in english and arabic. - write and mention steps on the video in english. - Provide ingredients and accurate quantities and steps in text for captions - a unique newly filmed video only for me - 3 to 5 minutes video - Add soft background copyright free music. - Prefer the filming to be a vertical view most of the time. - most important step is at the end when presenting the final dish to write the following sentence on a piece of paper beside the dish “ this cooking video is created for Mr. Bsaiso&...

Objective Develop and integrate a SIP telephony client within the Milestone video recording software as a plugin using the Milestone SDK. This SIP client will allow the configuration of connection data with the PBX and enable the functionality to automatically answer calls so that they are recorded by Milestone. Project Scope Development of the SIP Client: Implement a SIP client that can be integrated as a plugin into the Milestone software using the provided SDK. Ensure the compatibility of the SIP client with current and future versions of the Milestone software. SIP Client Configuration: Add a user interface in Milestone to configure the SIP client. Configuration parameters should include: SIP server address. Connection port. Username. Password. Additional options such ...